Input Devices

The data or instruction given to the computer is called Input.
A Hardware component used to enter data and instructions into computer is called Input-Devices.Most Commonly used input devices are Keyboard,Mouse,Micro-phone,Scanner,Digital Camera and Pc Camera.

Keyboard:-

Keyboard is used to enter text.It contains Alphabetic,Numeric and other keys to enter different type of Data.

Mouse:-

Mouse is pointing device.It controls the pointer on the screen.Th user gives instructions to the Computers through mouse.It contains different buttons.

Micro-Phone:-

Micro-phone is used to enter Voice into Computer.

Scanner:-

It reads printed text and graphics and translates the results in digital form.

Digital-Camera:-

Digital  Camera  is used to take and store pictures in Digital form.

PC-Camera:-

Pc camera is used to create movie and take photos on the computer.It is also used to make a video phone call.

Information Processing Cycle

A series of steps used to convert data into useful information is known as Information Procession Cycle.

The steps in this cycle are performed in a specific sequence.

 Different steps in Information Processing Cycle are as follows:-

Input:

The first step of information processing cycle is input. The computer accept data in this step. Data consist of raw facts and figures. Data is entered into computer for processing. It is entered using input devices like a keyboard or mouse.

Processing:

The second step of Information Processing Cycle is Processing. It converts data into information. Information is an Organized and Processed form of data. The central processing unit process data into useful information. Random Access Memory (RAM) temporarily stores program and data required by the CPU.

Output:

The third step of Information Processing Cycle is Output. The results are provided to user in this step. It is performed using different output devices such as monitors and Printers.

Storage:

The fourth step of Information Processing Cycle is Storage. It stores data ,information and programs used by the computer systems. It is performed using different storage devices like hard disk drives,CD,DVD and USB flash memory etc.

Information Technology (IT)

Information Technology:-

Information Technology is the technology that uses computing with high-speed communication links to spread information from one place to another. The interconnection of computers enables peoples to send and receive information. The communication links are also used to communicate with different people in the world.

The world has become a global village due to information technology. It means that people living in the world know one another as if they are living in a village. It has become possible due to fast communication links. Information can be transferred from one place to another place easily and quickly.

Information plays an important role in every field of life. Information can be used to improve the standard of life. It can also be used for solving different problems . For example if a person has the latest information about Medical field, he/she can use this information to cure different diseases.

Information technology has enabled different types of institutions and organizations to be a part of Digital Convergence.
The Digital Convergence means that various industries have merged electronically to exchange information. This merging is very important in modern world. The information can be transferred in any form like text,photos,audio and videos..etc.

Components of Information Technology:-

Three Major Components of Information technology are as Follows.

Computers:

Electronic systems that can be instructed to Accept,Process,Store,and present data and Information.

Communication Network:

It is an interconnection of different locations through a medium that enables peoples to send and  receives information. Communication networks allows people and businesses to interact. It includes hardware,programs and information. Information Technology has become revolutionary through the use of communication networks. Information can be transferred from place to another easily and quickly.

Know-how:

Know-how is the capability to do something properly. Information technology know-how consist of the following:

• Familiarity with the tools of information technology including the internet.
• Possession of the skills needed to use these tools.
• Understanding of using IT for problem-solving and creating opportunities.

People should know how to use of information technology to solve problems. They should also know how information technology can create opportunities for them.

Information

The processed data is called information. Information is an organized and processed form of data. It is more meaningful than data and is used for making decisions. Data is used as input for the processing and information is the Output of this processing. This information can be used again in some other processing and will be considered as data in that processing.

For example the marks of a student in different subject is data. This data is used to calculate the total marks which is the information. The total marks can be processed again to calculate average marks of the student. In this processing, total marks is used as data and average marks is the information.