CPU and Memory

CPU:-

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit.It is also called Processor.It is the Brain of the Computer.
It is the most important component of the Computer.It interprets and executes the instructions in the computer.A Computer can not work with-out CPU. All Computers must have Central Processing Unit.


Memory:-

The hardware component that stores data and instructions temporarily is called Memory.It is also called  Primary memory or Main memory.It consists of electronic chips connected to Mother-board.It is used to store the Input data before processing.It also stores processed data after processing until the data is sent to output devices.The main memory is also called Volatile because its contents are lost when the computer is turned off.

Output Devices

The data processed into useful information is called Output.
A Hardware component used to display information to the user is called Output Devices.Most commonly used Output Devices are Monitor,Printer and Speaker.

Monitor:-

Monitor is used to Display text,graphics and video Output.

Printer:-

Printer is used to Display Printed Output on paper.

Speakers:-

Speaker is used to hear Sound,Music and Video Outputs.

Input Devices

The data or instruction given to the computer is called Input.
A Hardware component used to enter data and instructions into computer is called Input-Devices.Most Commonly used input devices are Keyboard,Mouse,Micro-phone,Scanner,Digital Camera and Pc Camera.

Keyboard:-

Keyboard is used to enter text.It contains Alphabetic,Numeric and other keys to enter different type of Data.

Mouse:-

Mouse is pointing device.It controls the pointer on the screen.Th user gives instructions to the Computers through mouse.It contains different buttons.

Micro-Phone:-

Micro-phone is used to enter Voice into Computer.

Scanner:-

It reads printed text and graphics and translates the results in digital form.

Digital-Camera:-

Digital  Camera  is used to take and store pictures in Digital form.

PC-Camera:-

Pc camera is used to create movie and take photos on the computer.It is also used to make a video phone call.

Information Processing Cycle

A series of steps used to convert data into useful information is known as Information Procession Cycle.

The steps in this cycle are performed in a specific sequence.

 Different steps in Information Processing Cycle are as follows:-

Input:

The first step of information processing cycle is input. The computer accept data in this step. Data consist of raw facts and figures. Data is entered into computer for processing. It is entered using input devices like a keyboard or mouse.

Processing:

The second step of Information Processing Cycle is Processing. It converts data into information. Information is an Organized and Processed form of data. The central processing unit process data into useful information. Random Access Memory (RAM) temporarily stores program and data required by the CPU.

Output:

The third step of Information Processing Cycle is Output. The results are provided to user in this step. It is performed using different output devices such as monitors and Printers.

Storage:

The fourth step of Information Processing Cycle is Storage. It stores data ,information and programs used by the computer systems. It is performed using different storage devices like hard disk drives,CD,DVD and USB flash memory etc.